How To Write Et Al

For all in text citations.

How to write et al. In et al et should not be followed by a period. If you cited works with these authors. With a period following al this is the abbreviated form of et alii and others. Only al should be followed by a period.

For subsequent citations the style for the first category remains the same. This is because the term is an abbreviation of the latin phrase et alia the period indicates that it is an abbreviation. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then using et al for the second and subsequent citations. For those wondering about the rightful place of et al it is in footnotes and citations.

If youre citing multiple works with similar groups of authors and the shortened et al citation form of each source would be the same youll need to avoid ambiguity by writing out more names. Et al may be directly followed by other punctuation where necessary but the period always comes first. For subsequent in text citations of a work with 3 to 5 authors. All author surnames should be given in the initial citation.

Articles with three four or five authors include all names in the first in text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al. For the remaining four authors. Is an abbreviation the period is required. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity.

The al in et al is always followed by a period. The sixth edition of the publication manual of the american psychological association offers guidelines in the use of et al. It is similar to etc. Always refers to peoplenot things.

Short for et cetera meaning and the rest but whereas etc. For example in a bibliography rather than listing five authors of a scientific paper we can list the first authors name and then use et al. A period is always used after et al since the term is used to abbreviate the latin term et alii there are several rules however both formal and informal that are required for proper usage of et al. Latin abbreviations like etc.

Are used frequently and often incorrectly. Is an abbreviation of the latin loanphrase et alii meaning and others. According to chicago manual of style 5220 you say et al. Press shift question mark to access a list of keyboard shortcuts.

Can be used to abbreviate almost anything. Applies to things et al. Means and others and abbreviates people in a list while etc. Use the lead authors name and et al.

Specifically articles with one or two authors include all names in every in text citation. Papers with six or more authors are always cited giving the name of the first author followed by et al.